What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These episodes can vary in intensity and duration, but they significantly impact how a person thinks, feels, and functions.

Types of Bipolar Disorder:

1. Bipolar I Disorder – Characterized by manic episodes lasting at least 7 days, or by manic symptoms so severe that hospitalization is needed. Depressive episodes often occur as well.

2. Bipolar II Disorder – Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes (less severe than full mania), without full-blown manic episodes.

3. Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia) – Involves chronic fluctuating moods with periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that don’t meet full diagnostic criteria.

Symptoms to Recognize

Manic or Hypomanic Episodes:

● Excessive energy or restlessness

● Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

● Decreased need for sleep

● Rapid speech or racing thoughts

● Risky behavior (e.g., impulsive spending, reckless driving)

Depressive Episodes:

● Persistent sadness or hopelessness

● Fatigue or low energy

● Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed

● Difficulty concentrating

● Thoughts of self-harm or suicide

Recognizing these patterns is crucial. Bipolar disorder isn’t just about "mood swings" it’s a serious medical condition that requires attention and care.